Chii chinonzi CNC michina?

Nhoroondo ye CNC Machines
John T. Parsons (1913-2007) weParsons Corporation muTraverse City, MI inonzi piyona wekutonga kwenhamba, inotangira kumuchina wemazuva ano weCNC.Nekuda kwebasa rake, John Parsons anonzi ndiye baba vechipiri shanduko yemaindasitiri.Aifanira kugadzira zvipenga zveherikoputa zvakaoma uye akakurumidza kuona kuti ramangwana rekugadzira raibatanidza michina kumakomputa.Nhasi CNC-yakagadzirwa zvikamu zvinogona kuwanikwa munenge mune yese indasitiri.Nekuda kwemichina yeCNC, tine zvinhu zvisingadhure, dziviriro yenyika yakasimba uye mararamiro epamusoro kupfuura zvinogoneka munyika isina maindasitiri.Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora kwakabva muchina weCNC, mhando dzakasiyana dzemichina yeCNC, zvirongwa zvemuchina weCNC uye maitiro akajairwa neCNC muchina zvitoro.

Machina Anosangana Nekombuta
Muna 1946, shoko rokuti “kombiyuta” raireva punch card inoshandiswa calculation machine.Kunyangwe zvazvo Parsons Corporation yakanga yangogadzira propeller imwe chete kare, John Parsons akatendesa Sikorsky Helicopter kuti vaigona kugadzira matemplate chaiwo ekugadzira propeller nekugadzira.Akapedzisira agadzira punch-card komputa nzira yekuverenga mapoinzi pane chikopokopo chinotenderera blade.Akabva aita kuti vafambisi vatendeutse mavhiri kunzvimbo idzodzo pamuchina wekugaya weCincinnati.Akaita makwikwi ezita rechirongwa chitsva ichi uye akapa madhora makumi mashanu kumunhu akagadzira "Numerical Control" kana kuti NC.

Muna 1958, akaisa patent yekubatanidza kombiyuta kumuchina.Chikumbiro chake patent chakasvika mwedzi mitatu pamberi peMIT, aive achishanda pane iyo pfungwa yaakatanga.MIT akashandisa pfungwa dzake kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepakutanga uye Mr. Parsons 'rezinesi (Bendix) sub-rezinesi kune IBM, Fujitusu, uye GE, pakati pevamwe.Pfungwa yeNC yakanonoka kubata.Sekutaura kwaVaParsons, vanhu vaitengesa pfungwa iyi vaive macomputer pane kugadzira vanhu.Nekutanga 1970s, zvakadaro, mauto eUS pachawo akakurudzira kushandiswa kwemakomputa eNC nekuvaka nekuahaisa kune vakawanda vanogadzira.Iyo CNC controller yakashanduka inoenderana nekombuta, ichityaira kuwedzera uye kuwedzera kugadzira uye otomatiki mukugadzira maitiro, kunyanya machining.

Chii chinonzi CNC Machining?
CNC michina iri kugadzira zvikamu kutenderera pasirese kweanenge ese indasitiri.Vanogadzira zvinhu kubva mumapurasitiki, simbi, aluminium, huni uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvakaoma zvinhu.Izwi rekuti "CNC" rinomirira Computer Numerical Control, asi nhasi munhu wese anoridaidza kuti CNC.Saka, iwe unotsanangura sei CNC muchina?Yese otomatiki inofamba inodzora michina ine zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha - basa rekuraira, dhiraivha / kufamba system, uye mhinduro system.CNC machining inzira yekushandisa muchina unotyairwa nekombuta kugadzira chikamu kunze kwechinhu chakasimba mune imwe chimiro.

Iyo CNC inoenderana nemirairo yedhijitari inowanzo gadzirwa paComputer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) kana Computer Aided Design (CAD) software seSolidWorks kana MasterCAM.Iyo software inonyora G-code iyo controller pamushini weCNC inogona kuverenga.Chirongwa chekombuta pane controller chinodudzira dhizaini uye chinofambisa maturusi ekucheka uye / kana workpiece pamasanhu akawanda kucheka chimiro chaunoda kubva paworkpiece.Iyo otomatiki yekucheka maitiro inokurumidza uye yakaringana kupfuura yekufambisa yemanyorero yezvishandiso uye workpieces iyo inoitwa nemalevers uye magiya pamidziyo yekare.Michina yemazuva ano yeCNC inobata maturusi akawanda uye inogadzira marudzi mazhinji ekucheka.Huwandu hwendege dzekufamba (mademo) uye nhamba nemhando dzezvishandiso izvo muchina unogona kuwana otomatiki panguva yekugadzira machining zvinotarisisa kuti yakaoma sei workpiece inogona kugadzira CNC.

Nzira yekushandisa sei A CNC Machine?
CNC machinists anofanirwa kuwana hunyanzvi mune zvese zvirongwa uye simbi-kushanda kuti ishandise zvizere simba remuchina weCNC.Zvikoro zvekutengesa zvehunyanzvi uye zvirongwa zvekudzidzira basa zvinowanzotanga vadzidzi pamawoko lathes kuti vanzwe kuchekwa kwesimbi.Iyo machinist inofanirwa kukwanisa kuona ese matatu mativi.Nhasi software inoita kuti zvive nyore kupfuura nakare kose kugadzira zvikamu zvakaoma, nekuti chikamu chechimiro chinogona kudhonzwa uyezve nzira dzekushandisa dzinogona kukurudzirwa nesoftware kugadzira zvikamu izvozvo.

Rudzi rweSoftware Inowanzo Kushandiswa muCNC Machining process
Mudhirowa Wekubatsira Pakombiyuta (CAD)
CAD software ndiyo yekutanga kweakawanda CNC mapurojekiti.Kune akawanda akasiyana eCAD software mapakeji, asi ese anoshandiswa kugadzira magadzirirwo.Zvirongwa zveCAD zvakakurumbira zvinosanganisira AutoCAD, SolidWorks, uye Rhino3D.Kune zvakare gore-yakavakirwa CAD mhinduro, uye vamwe vanopa CAM kugona kana kubatanidza neCAM software zvirinani pane vamwe.

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
CNC michina inowanzoshandisa zvirongwa zvakagadzirwa neCAM software.CAM inobvumira vashandisi kumisikidza "muti webasa" kuronga mafambiro ebasa, kuseta maturusi makwara uye kumhanya kucheka simulations muchina usati waita chero kucheka chaiko.Kazhinji zvirongwa zveCAM zvinoshanda sezvinowedzera kuCAD software uye kugadzira g-code inoudza CNC maturusi uye workpiece inofamba inofamba kwekuenda.Wizards muCAM software inoita kuti zvive nyore kupfuura nakare kose kuronga CNC muchina.Yakakurumbira CAM software inosanganisira Mastercam, Edgecam, OneCNC, HSMWorks, uye Solidcam.Mastercam uye Edgecam account yeinoda kusvika makumi mashanu muzana eiyo yepamusoro-yekupedzisira CAM musika wemugove maererano ne2015 mushumo.

Chii chinonzi Distributed Numeric Control?
Direct Numeric Control iyo yakava Distributed Numeric Control (DNC)
Direct Numeric Controls yakashandiswa kubata NC zvirongwa uye muchina paramita.Yakabvumira mapurogiramu kuti afambe pamusoro petiweki kubva pakati pekombuta kuenda kumakomputa epabhodhi anozivikanwa semashini control units (MCU).Pakutanga yainzi “Direct Numeric Control,” yakapfuura kudiwa kwetepi yepepa, asi apo kombiyuta yakadzikira, michina yayo yose yakadzikira.

Distributed Numerical Control inoshandisa network yemakomputa kuronga kushanda kwemichina yakawanda nekudyisa chirongwa kuCNC.Iyo CNC ndangariro inobata chirongwa uye anoshanda anogona kuunganidza, kugadzirisa uye kudzosera chirongwa.

Mazuva ano DNC zvirongwa zvinogona kuita zvinotevera:
● Kugadzirisa - Inogona kufambisa imwe purogiramu yeNC apo mamwe ari kugadziriswa.
● Enzanisa - Enzanisa epakutanga uye yakagadziridzwa NC zvirongwa padivi-ne-parutivi uye ona magadzirirwo.
● Tangazve - Kana chishandiso chatyora chirongwa chinogona kumiswa uye kutangazve pachakasiira.
● Kutsvaga basa - Vashandi vanogona kuvhara mumabasa uye kutarisa kugadzirisa uye nguva yekumhanya, semuenzaniso.
● Kuratidza mifananidzo - Ratidza mapikicha, CAD mifananidzo yezvishandiso, zvigadziriso uye zvikamu zvinopedzisa.
● Yepamberi skrini inotarisana - Imwe kubata machining.
● Advanced database management - Inoronga uye inochengetedza data apo inogona kutorwa nyore nyore.

Manufacturing Data Collection (MDC)
MDC software inogona kusanganisira mabasa ese eDNC software pamwe nekuunganidza dhata rekuwedzera nekuriongorora kuti rione kushanda kwemidziyo (OEE).Iyo Yakakwana Equipment Kubudirira kunoenderana nekutevera: Hunhu - huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvinosangana nemhando yemhando kubva kune zvese zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa Kuwanikwa - muzana yenguva yakarongwa iyo yakataurwa michina iri kushanda kana kugadzira zvikamu Kuita - chaiyo yekumhanya kumhanya zvichienzaniswa nekurongwa kana kwakaringana kumhanya. chiyero chemidziyo.

OEE = Hunhu x Kuwanikwa x Kuita
OEE ndiyo yakakosha kuita metric (KPI) kune akawanda mashopu emuchina.

Machine Monitoring Solutions
Machine yekutarisa software inogona kuvakwa muDNC kana MDC software kana kutengwa zvakasiyana.Nemakina ekutarisa mhinduro, data yemuchina senge kuseta, nguva yekumhanya, uye nguva yekudzikira inounganidzwa otomatiki uye inosanganiswa nedata revanhu senge makodhi ezvikonzero kupa zvese nhoroondo uye chaiyo-nguva kunzwisisa kwemaitiro emabasa.Michina yemazuva ano yeCNC inounganidza ingangosvika mazana maviri emhando dzedata, uye muchina wekutarisa software inogona kuita iyo data inobatsira kune wese munhu kubva pauriri hwechitoro kusvika pauriri hwepamusoro.Makambani akaita seMemex anopa software (Tempus) iyo inotora data kubva kune chero mhando yemuchina weCNC uye inoisa mune yakamisikidzwa dhatabhesi fomati iyo inogona kuratidzwa mune zvine musoro machati uye magirafu.Iyo data standard inoshandiswa nemichina yakawanda yekutarisa mhinduro iyo yakawana pasi muUSA inonzi MTConnect.Nhasi maturusi mazhinji emuchina weCNC anouya akashongedzerwa kupa data mune iyi fomati.Michina yechikuru ichiri kukwanisa kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nemaadapter.Kutariswa kwemuchina wemachina eCNC kwave kufambiswa mukati memakore mashoma apfuura, uye mhinduro nyowani dzesoftware dzinogara dziri mukusimudzira.

Ndeapi Iwo Akasiyana Marudzi eCNC Machina?
Kune asingaverengeki akasiyana marudzi e CNC michina nhasi.CNC michina maturusi emuchina anocheka kana kufambisa zvinhu sezvakarongwa pane controller, sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro.Mhando yekucheka inogona kusiyana kubva pakucheka plasma kusvika kukucheka laser, kugaya, nzira, uye lathes.CNC michina inogona kutonhonga nekufambisa zvinhu pamutsetse wegungano.

Pazasi pane akakosha marudzi eCNC michina:
Lathes:Iyi mhando yeCNC inoshandura iyo workpiece uye inofambisa chishandiso chekucheka kune workpiece.A basic lathe ndeye 2-axis, asi akawanda akawanda mademo anogona kuwedzerwa kuwedzera kuoma kwekucheka kunokwanisika.Nyaya yacho inotenderera pachirungiso uye inotsikirirwa pamudziyo wekukuya kana wekuveza unogadzira chimiro chinodiwa.Lathes anoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvakaenzanirana semabhora, makoni, kana masilinda.Michina yakawanda yeCNC ine-multi-function uye inosanganisa marudzi ese ekucheka.

Marouta:CNC routers anowanzo shandiswa kucheka zviyero zvakakura mumatanda, simbi, mapepa, uye mapurasitiki.Standard ma routers anoshanda pa 3-axis coordinate, saka vanogona kucheka mumativi matatu.Nekudaro, iwe unogona zvakare kutenga 4,5 uye 6-axis michina yemaprototype modhi uye yakaoma maumbirwo.

Kugaya:Michina yekugaya nemawoko inoshandisa mavhiri emaoko uye masiruuru emutobvu kutaura chombo chekucheka pachishandiswa.Mune CNC chigayo, iyo CNC inofambisa yakakwirira kurongeka bhora screws kune chaiwo makongiresi akarongwa panzvimbo.Milling CNC michina inouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehukuru nemhando uye inogona kumhanya pamatemo akawanda.

Plasma Cutters:Iyo CNC plasma yekucheka inoshandisa ine simba laser kucheka.Vazhinji vanocheka plasma vanocheka zvimiro zvakarongwa kubva pashizha kana ndiro.

3D Printer:Printer ye 3D inoshandisa chirongwa ichi kuitaurira pekuisa pasi zvidimbu zvidiki zvezvinhu kuvaka chimiro chaunoda.3D zvikamu zvakavakwa dhizaini nelaser kuomesa mvura kana simba sezvo maseru anokura.

Sarudza uye Kuisa Machine:Muchina we "pick and place" weCNC unoshanda zvakafanana neCNC router, asi pachinzvimbo chekucheka zvinhu, muchina uyu une matinji madiki akawanda anonhonga zvinhu uchishandisa vacuum, woaendesa kunzvimbo yaunoda woisa pasi.Aya anoshandiswa kugadzira matafura, makomputa mamabhodhi uye mamwe magungano emagetsi (pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.)

CNC Machina anogona kuita zvinhu zvakawanda.Nhasi tekinoroji yekombuta inogona kuiswa pamushini ungafungidzirwe.Iyo CNC inotsiva chimiro chemunhu chinodiwa kufambisa zvikamu zvemuchina kuti uwane mhedzisiro yaunoda.Mazuva ano maCNC anokwanisa kutanga nezvinhu zvakasvibirira, senge simbi yesimbi, uye kugadzira chikamu chakaomarara chine kushivirira chaiko uye kudzokororwa kunoshamisa.

Kuzviisa Zvese Pamwe Chete: Maitiro eCNC Machine Shops Anogadzira Zvikamu
Kushandisa CNC kunosanganisira zvese komputa (mutongi) uye kuseta kwemuviri.A yakajairika muchina shopu maitiro anoita seizvi:

Injiniya yekugadzira inogadzira dhizaini muchirongwa cheCAD uye inotumira kune CNC programmer.Mugadziri anovhura faira muchirongwa cheCAM kuti asarudze nezvezvishandiso zvinodiwa uye kugadzira iyo NC chirongwa cheCNC.Iye anotumira iyo NC chirongwa kumuchina weCNC uye anopa runyoro rweiyo chaiyo yekuseta yekushandisa kune anoshanda.A setup opareta anoremedza maturusi sekurairwa uye anotakura iwo mbishi zvinhu (kana workpiece).Iye anobva amhanyisa zvimedu zvemuenzaniso uye ozviyera nemhando yekusimbisa maturusi kuona kuti muchina weCNC uri kugadzira zvikamu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.Kazhinji, iyo yekuseta opareta inopa yekutanga chinyorwa chidimbu kudhipatimendi remhando iyo inoongorora ese zviyero uye zviratidzo kubva pakuseta.Muchina weCNC kana michina yakabatana inoremerwa nezvinhu zvakaringana kuti iite nhamba inodiwa yezvimedu, uye mushandisi wemuchina anomira pedyo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti muchina unoramba uchishanda, uchiita kuti zvikamu zvitarise.uye ine raw material.Zvichienderana nebasa, zvinowanzogoneka kumhanyisa CNC michina "mwenje-kunze" pasina mushandisi aripo.Zvikamu zvakapedzwa zvinofambiswa munzvimbo yakatarwa otomatiki.

Vagadziri vemazuva ano vanogona automate chero maitiro akapihwa nguva yakakwana, zviwanikwa uye fungidziro.Raw material inogona kupinda mumuchina uye zvikamu zvakapedzwa zvinogona kubuda zvakaputirwa zvakagadzirira-kuenda-kuenda.Vagadziri vanovimba nehupamhi hweCNC michina kugadzira zvinhu nekukurumidza, nemazvo uye zvinodhura.